90% of Deaf children who have hearing parents use ____________ communication.
Answer: auditory-oral
90% of Deaf children who have hearing parents use ____________ communication.
Answer: auditory-oral
Answer: auditory-oral
What percentage of Deaf children have hearing parents?
What percentage of Deaf children have hearing parents?
Answer: 90%
Name two key components of language.
Name two key components of language.
Answer:
Lexicon
Syntax
How many words should a child know between the ages of 5-7 in order to develop speech and language fully?
How many words should a child know between the ages of 5-7 in order to develop speech and language fully?
Answer: 50-100 words
What is the chunk of time called that evidence supports to be crucial for a child's language development?
What is the chunk of time called that evidence supports to be crucial for a child's language development?
Answer: "critical period"
What percent of adults who need hearing aids actually purchase them?
What percent of adults who need hearing aids actually purchase them?
Answer: 20%
What do doctoral degrees include?
What do doctoral degrees include?
- research oriented Ph.D.
- clinically oriented Au.D.
When did the Au.D. come into existence?
When did the Au.D. come into existence?
Answer: 1993
What is considered to be the first "home"of audiology?
What is considered to be the first "home"of audiology?
Answer: AAA - American Academy of Audiology
Who is the "Father of Audiology"?
Who is the "Father of Audiology"?
Answer: Raymond Carhart
What contributions did Norton Canfield and Raymond Carhart make to Audiology?
What contributions did Norton Canfield and Raymond Carhart make to Audiology?
Answer: Implemented programs in aural rehabilitative hospitals for military in World War 2
Which two men coined the term "Audiology"?
Which two men coined the term "Audiology"?
Answer:
- Norton Canfield
- Raymond Carhart
What did Robert West want for an individual with hearing loss?
What did Robert West want for an individual with hearing loss?
Answer: to "hear what he ought to hear"
Which SLP called for workers in the field to include problems of those who could not hear speech?
Which SLP called for workers in the field to include problems of those who could not hear speech?
Answer: Robert West
When diagnosed between the ages of birth and 2, about how much will it cost to treat hearing loss?
When diagnosed between the ages of birth and 2, about how much will it cost to treat hearing loss?
Answer: $1,000,000 (1 million dollars)
As age increase, the prevalence of hearing loss __________
As age increase, the prevalence of hearing loss __________
Answer: increases
Over the age of 18, how many people in the US have hearing loss?
Over the age of 18, how many people in the US have hearing loss?
Answer: 35 million
What are the 3 negative consequences of living with hearing loss?
What are the 3 negative consequences of living with hearing loss?
1. lags in education
2. quality of life
3. economic burdens
Currently most audiologists are employed in ______.
Currently most audiologists are employed in ______.
Answer: private practice
What is the fastest growing work setting for an audiologist?
What is the fastest growing work setting for an audiologist?
Answer: private practice
What are the two pathways on the Pathway through Grief model of grieving?
What are the two pathways on the Pathway through Grief model of grieving?
a. grief and acceptance
b. positive and negative
c. nature and nurture
d. clinical and intuitive
Answer: B. Positive and negative
Children who receive a diagnosis of auditory neuropathy will exhibit:
Children who receive a diagnosis of auditory neuropathy will exhibit:
a. good word recognition
b. only mild to moderate hearing loss
c. normal OAEs
d. normal ABRs
Answer: C. Normal OAEs
What is the most common cause of a conductive component of hearing loss?
What is the most common cause of a conductive component of hearing loss?
a. atresia
b. cholesteatoma
c. common cold
d. otitis media
Answer: D. Otitis media
Cytomegalovirus is a member of the family of viruses.
Cytomegalovirus is a member of the family of viruses.
a. hepatitis
b. herpes
c. pneumonia
d. HIV
Answer: B. Herpes
Toxemia is an example of a factor that may affect a child's hearing status.
Toxemia is an example of a factor that may affect a child's hearing status.
a. perinatal
b. postnatal
c. prenatal
d. antenatal
Answer: C. Prenatal
In which hearing test might a child insert a peg into a pegboard each time they hear a tone or speech signal?
In which hearing test might a child insert a peg into a pegboard each time they hear a tone or speech signal?
a. conditioned play audiometry (CPA)
b. visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)
c. behavioral/observational audiometry (BOA)
d. otoacoustic emissions testing (OAE)
Answer: A. Conditioned play audiometry (CPA)
Persons who have hearing loss of ___dB HL or greater do not produce OAEs.
Persons who have hearing loss of ___dB HL or greater do not produce OAEs.
a. 10 to 15
b. 15 to 25
c. 25 to 30
d. 30 to 40
Answer: d. 30 to 40
A standard ABR recording contains _____ peaks in the recorded waveform.
A standard ABR recording contains _____ peaks in the recorded waveform.
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10
Answer: c. 7
How often should a younger child's hearing be tested after a hearing loss has been identified (assuming no other problems are present and there is no concern about the accuracy of the test results)?
How often should a younger child's hearing be tested after a hearing loss has been identified (assuming no other problems are present and there is no concern about the accuracy of the test results)?
a. once a month
b. once a year
c. twice a year
d. every other year
Answer: C. twice a year
What is the ideal false-negative rate of a UNHS program?
What is the ideal false-negative rate of a UNHS program?
a. 0
b. 5% or less
c. 10% or less
d. 15% or less
Answer: A. 0
The National Institutes of Health call for the identification of hearing loss to occur by what age?
The National Institutes of Health call for the identification of hearing loss to occur by what age?
a. 1 month
b. 3 months
c. 1 year
d. 3 years
Answer: B. 3 months
When do children undergo their most intensive stage of listening speech and language development?
When do children undergo their most intensive stage of listening speech and language development?
a. first year of life
b. from birth to age 3
c. between ages 3 and 8
d. between ages 8 and 13
Answer: B. From birth to age 3
Objectives typically included in auditory training programs for the birth to 3 year age range initially focus on:
Objectives typically included in auditory training programs for the birth to 3 year age range initially focus on:
a. vowel training
b. listening device use
c. speech identification and comprehension
d. the notion that sound conveys meaning
Answer: b. listening devise use
Which place classification refers to sound /ʃ/, as in ship, wherein the midsection of the tongue body approximates or touches the roof of the mouth?
Which place classification refers to sound /ʃ/, as in ship, wherein the midsection of the tongue body approximates or touches the roof of the mouth?
a. palatal
b. alveolar
c. linguadental
d. bilabial
Answer: a. palatal
Which place classification is used for the sound /v/, as in van, wherein the lower lip and upper teeth contact?
Which place classification is used for the sound /v/, as in van, wherein the lower lip and upper teeth contact?
a. bilabial
b. labiodental
c. velar
d. palatal
Answer: b. labiodental
In typical discrimination exercises, the child must simply indicate whether two words are:
In typical discrimination exercises, the child must simply indicate whether two words are:
a. loud or soft
b. actual words or nonsense words
c. the same or different
d. nouns or verbs
Answer: c. the same or different
As a general rule of thumb, the difficulty can be decreased if the child responds correctly to less than _____% of the training items.
As a general rule of thumb, the difficulty can be decreased if the child responds correctly to less than _____% of the training items.
a. 15
b. 25
c. 40
d. 50
Answer: d. 50
As a general rule of thumb, when providing formal training, the level of difficulty can be increased if a child responds correctly to training stimuli _____ percent of the time or more.
As a general rule of thumb, when providing formal training, the level of difficulty can be increased if a child responds correctly to training stimuli _____ percent of the time or more.
a. 50
b. 60
c. 80
d. 90
Answer: C. 80
Background noise:
Background noise:
a. increases the signal-to-noise ratio and increases training difficulty
b. decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and decreases training difficulty
c. increases the signal-to-noise ratio and decreases training difficulty
d. decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and increases training difficulty
Answer: D. Decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and increases training difficulty
A parent alerts the child with a cochlear implant whenever the doorbell rings. This is an example of:
A parent alerts the child with a cochlear implant whenever the doorbell rings. This is an example of:
a. a formal training activity
b. an informal training activity
c. reinforcement
d. cycling
Answer: B. an informal training activity
Formal training activities occur:
Formal training activities occur:
a. during designated times of the day, with the student working alone
b. during designated times of the day, with the student working with you or a small group of other students
c. periodically, with the student working alone
d. periodically, with the student working with you or a small group of other students
Answer: B. during designated times of the day, with the student working with you or a small group of other students
Searching for a sound with eye and head movements demonstrates:
Searching for a sound with eye and head movements demonstrates:
a. sound discrimination
b. identification
c. sound awareness
d. comprehension
Answer: C. Sound awareness
Northampton Charts are used in which approach to speech therapy?
Northampton Charts are used in which approach to speech therapy?
a. olfactory
b. auditory
c. visual
d. tactile
Answer: c. visual
When choosing and providing reinforcements for formal training:
When choosing and providing reinforcements for formal training:
a. The child should be able to perform the reinforcement activity quickly
b. The reinforcement activity should as challenging as possible for the child
c. The same reinforcement activity should be used several times a day
d. The child should perform the reinforcement activity before responding to a training item correctly.
Answer: c. The same reinforcement activity should be used several times a day
Which formal test primarily tests pragmatics?
Which formal test primarily tests pragmatics?
a. Reynell Developmental Language Scales
b. Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH)
c. Oral and Written Language Skills (OWLS)
d. Developmental Sentence Analysis (DSA)
Answer: b. Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH)
Which formal test primarily tests form?
Which formal test primarily tests form?
a. Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn)
b. Semantic Content Analysis
c. Expressive Vocabulary Test
d. Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS)
Answer: a. Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn)
Which test contains four lists of ten sentences and was developed for children with cochlear implants?
Which test contains four lists of ten sentences and was developed for children with cochlear implants?
a. Beginner's Intelligibility Test (BIT)
b. CID Phonetic Inventory
c. Phonetic Level and the Phonologic Level Speech Evaluation
d. Speech Intelligibility Evaluation (SPINE)
Answer: d. Speech Intelligibility Evaluation (SPINE)
Which test uses a set of 40 cards with a single word printed on each?
Which test uses a set of 40 cards with a single word printed on each?
a. Phonetic Leveland the Phonologic Level Speech Evaluation
b. CID Phonetic Inventory
c. Speech Intelligibility Evaluation (SPINE)
d. Beginners' Intelligibility Test (BIT)
Answer: c. Speech Intelligibility Evaluation (SPINE)
The CID Phonetic Inventory bases the evaluation of a child's speech production primarily on the:
The CID Phonetic Inventory bases the evaluation of a child's speech production primarily on the:
a. overall intelligibility at the single-word level
b. level of articulation.
c. degree of nasality
d. syllable unit.
Answer: d. syllable unit
The overuse of ________ in the writing samples of children with hearing loss is common.
The overuse of ________ in the writing samples of children with hearing loss is common.
a. subject-verb-object sentences
b. synonyms
c. metaphors
d. cohesive forms of substitution
Answer: a. subject verb object sentences
The average reading level of high school students with profound hearing loss is frequently about a level.
The average reading level of high school students with profound hearing loss is frequently about a level.
a. first- or second-grad
b. third- or fourth-grad
c. fifth- or sixth-grade
d. seventh- or eighth-grade
Answer: b. third or fourth grade
An 18-month-old toddler with significant hearing loss has a vocabulary of words.
An 18-month-old toddler with significant hearing loss has a vocabulary of words.
a. less than 10
b. about 20
c. about 50
d. about 250
Answer: a. less than 10
Which statement about children who receive cochlear implants is correct?
Which statement about children who receive cochlear implants is correct?
a. They develop form at the same rate as children with normal hearing
b. They develop form at the same rate as hearing aid users.
c. They develop form faster than children with normal hearing, but slower than hearing aid users
d. They develop form faster than hearing aid users, but slower than children with normal hearing.
Answer: d. They develop form faster than hearing aid users, but slower than children with normal hearing.
Adults with significant and prelingual hearing loss often demonstrate what aberrant behavior when talking?
Adults with significant and prelingual hearing loss often demonstrate what aberrant behavior when talking?
a. expending less breath saying each word than talkers with normal hearing
b. producing more words per breath than talkers with normal hearing
c. using excessive force while speaking an initial stop consonant
d. initiating utterances with a great deal of air volume in their lungs
Answer: c. using excessive force while speaking an initial stop consonant
A rising intonation:
A rising intonation:
a. converts a statement into a question.
b. conveys irritation or impatience.
c. suggests a lack of interest in the conversation.
d. expresses gravitas.
Answer: A. converts a statement into a question
Early intervention ideally begins:
Early intervention ideally begins:
a. at birth
b. by the age of 12 months
c. by the age of 18 months
d. as soon as the permanent hearing loss is confirmed
Answer: D. as soon as the permanent hearing loss is confirmed
Which of these can be used to help establish electrical thresholds for a cochlear implant by means of electrical stimulation?
Which of these can be used to help establish electrical thresholds for a cochlear implant by means of electrical stimulation?
a. behavioral/observational audiometry (BOA)
b. conditioned play audiometry (CPA)
c. neural response telemetry (NRT)
d. visual response audiometry (VRA)
Answer: C. neural response telemetry (NRT)
The term ______ refers to a lack of development of all or part of a body structure, or defective development.
The term ______ refers to a lack of development of all or part of a body structure, or defective development.
Answer: aplasia
A typical follow-up schedule for children during the first year of using a hearing aid includes a recheck at 1 month following the initial fitting, and then a visit at every:
A typical follow-up schedule for children during the first year of using a hearing aid includes a recheck at 1 month following the initial fitting, and then a visit at every:
a. 4 to 5 weeks
b. 2 to 3 months
c. 4 to 5 months
d. 6 months
Answer: B. 2 to 3 months
Most young children receive which type of hearing aid?
Most young children receive which type of hearing aid?
a. in-the-ear
b. behind-the-ear
c. in-the-canal
d. completely-in-the-canal
Answer: B. Behind the ear
Children who have a communication mode based on a(n) ______ approach rely solely on residual hearing to receive spoken messages.
Children who have a communication mode based on a(n) ______ approach rely solely on residual hearing to receive spoken messages.
A. multisensory
B. ASL
C. unisensory
D. Cued Speech
Answer: C. Unisensory
When PL 94-142 was amended and reauthorized as PL 105-17, it became known as the:
When PL 94-142 was amended and reauthorized as PL 105-17, it became known as the:
a. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
b. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
c. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
d. Individualized Family Services Act (IFSA)
Answer: A. individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
A parent tape recording themselves reading a book to their child so the quality of their reading can be reviewed is an example of .
A parent tape recording themselves reading a book to their child so the quality of their reading can be reviewed is an example of .
a. guided practice
b. formal instruction
c. didactic instruction
d. real-world practice
Answer: D. real world practice
In a bilingual model, children with significant hearing loss learn which language first?
In a bilingual model, children with significant hearing loss learn which language first?
a. English
b. The sign system of their Deaf community
c. SEE
d. Spanish
Answer: B. The sign system of their Deaf community
Part C of IDEA adds services for .
Part C of IDEA adds services for .
a. teenagers
b. children with psychiatric problems
c. children from birth to age 3 and their families
d. all of the above
Answer: C. children from birth to age 3 and their families
Which of the following was passed in 1975 and guarantees a free and appropriate education for all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 18 years of age, in the least restrictive environment possible?
Which of the following was passed in 1975 and guarantees a free and appropriate education for all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 18 years of age, in the least restrictive environment possible?
a. PL 107-110
b. IDEA
c. PL 101-476
d. PL 94-142
Answer: d. PL 94 -142
What are two sounds used in the Ling 6-sounds tests?
What are two sounds used in the Ling 6-sounds tests?
a. /m/ and /n/
b. /t/ and /s/
c. /u/ and /i/
d. /a/ and /j/
Answer: C. /u/ and /i/
Public placements are funded by:
Public placements are funded by:
a. tuition
b. government sources
c. charitable donations
d. the child's family
Answer: B. government sources
The psychologist may also sometimes be the:
The psychologist may also sometimes be the:
a. school counselor
b. audiologist
c. interpreter
d. speech-language pathologist
Answer: A. school counselor
The role of the classroom teacher may involve:
The role of the classroom teacher may involve:
a. selecting and ensuring the proper use of listening devices
b. helping parents learn sign language
c. providing formal speechreading training
d. planning and managing the learning environment
Answer: D. Planning and managing the learning environment
What is NOT part of a child's individualized education plan (IEP)?
What is NOT part of a child's individualized education plan (IEP)?
a. a description of the child's language and communication needs
b. a description of the child's present level of performance
c. generic goals for children with hearing loss
d. the means for assessment
Answer: C. Generic goals for children with hearing loss
Reverberation times of more than ____ msec cause a speech signal to merge with other signals and lose clarity.
Reverberation times of more than ____ msec cause a speech signal to merge with other signals and lose clarity.
A. 250
B. 300
C. 500
D. 400
Answer: C. 500
What part of IDEA states that hearing aids worn in school by children with hearing impairments must function properly?
What part of IDEA states that hearing aids worn in school by children with hearing impairments must function properly?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Answer: B. B
Who would most likely assess visual-motor skills?
Who would most likely assess visual-motor skills?
a. psychologist
b. itinerant teacher
c. classroom teacher
d. audiologist
Answer: A. psychologist
According to ASHA, on average how many children with hearing loss do school-based speech-language pathologists have in their caseloads?
According to ASHA, on average how many children with hearing loss do school-based speech-language pathologists have in their caseloads?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 3
Answer: D. 3
Which family was unwilling to share their oral teaching methods to Thomas Gallaudet?
Which family was unwilling to share their oral teaching methods to Thomas Gallaudet?
a. Sicard
b. Braidwood
c. Roch
d. Clerc
Answer: B. Braidwood
Which of the following is an example of a complex sentence?
Which of the following is an example of a complex sentence?
a. The dog and the turtle live in the backyard.
b. I have a dog and she owns a turtle.
c. While we both love the beach, I want to visit the mountains.
Answer: c. While we both love the beach, I want to visit the mountains.
"A" and "An" are examples of what type of article?
"A" and "An" are examples of what type of article?
Answer: indefinite article
Identify the type of voice that is used in the following sentence: Jason, a five year old, was hit by a red ball.
Identify the type of voice that is used in the following sentence:
Jason, a five year old, was hit by a red ball.
Answer: passive
What type of sentence is the following: declarative, imperative, or interrogative?
What type of sentence is the following: declarative, imperative, or interrogative?
It gets cold when the sun goes down.
Answer: declarative
Identify the underlined morpheme: She [is] running home
Identify the underlined morpheme: She [is] running home
Answer: Contractible auxiliary
Identify the underlined morpheme: We [were] happy to go home.
Identify the underlined morpheme: We [were] happy to go home.
Answer: Uncontractible copula
In what stage do embedded clauses emerge?
In what stage do embedded clauses emerge?
Answer: Stage IV
Identify the morpheme underlined in this sentence: Shirley walk[s] home.
Identify the morpheme underlined in this sentence: Shirley walk[s] home.
Answer: Regular third person present tense -s
The first bound morpheme mastered is _____?
The first bound morpheme mastered is _____?
Answer: present progressive
-ing
A group of related words that include a subject is known as a _______?
A group of related words that include a subject is known as a _______?
Answer: phrase
The distance between a child's current level of independent functioning and potential level of performance is known as _____?
The distance between a child's current level of independent functioning and potential level of performance is known as _____?
Answer: zone of proximal distance
The ability to understand another person's state of background knowledge is known as ____?
The ability to understand another person's state of background knowledge is known as ____?
Answer: presupposition
B. F. Skinner is known for developing what theory of language development?
B. F. Skinner is known for developing what theory of language development?
Answer: behavioral approaches
A morpheme that changes the syntactic category of a word is known as a(n)_________.
A morpheme that changes the syntactic category of a word is known as a(n)_________.
Answer: derivational morpheme
What type of conjunction is underlined in the following sentence: coordinating or subordinating?
What type of conjunction is underlined in the following sentence: coordinating or subordinating?
The couple liked the restaurant [although] they thought it was expensive.
Answer: subordinating
In which of the following sentences is the underlined word an adverb?
In which of the following sentences is the underlined word an adverb?
a. A turtle is a [slow] animal.
b. A turtle crawled [slowly] through the grass.
Answer: b. A turtle crawled [slowly] through the grass.
Which of the following is an example of present progressive tense?
Which of the following is an example of present progressive tense?
a. The man rides the train every morning.
b. The man is riding the train.
Answer: b. The man is riding the train.
What type of pronoun is underlined in the following sentence? Personal, Relative, or Interrogative?
What type of pronoun is underlined in the following sentence? Personal, Relative, or Interrogative?
The doctor [who] I saw yesterday went to Morehouse College
Answer: relative pronoun
What type of noun is underlined in this sentence: My son likes to read the [Diary of a Wimpy Kid] series.
What type of noun is underlined in this sentence: My son likes to read the [Diary of a Wimpy Kid] series.
Answer: a proper noun
Age at which a child can sustain approximately 50% of turns in a conversation?
Age at which a child can sustain approximately 50% of turns in a conversation?
Answer: 30 to 36 months
At what age do most children produce a true narrative?
At what age do most children produce a true narrative?
Answer: 5 to 7 years
What score do you need to pass the Praxis II?
What score do you need to pass the Praxis II?
Answer: 162
What is the average expressive vocabulary size at 18 months?
What is the average expressive vocabulary size at 18 months?
Answer: 50 to 100 words
What is the typical age the children produce their first true words?
What is the typical age the children produce their first true words?
Answer: 12 months
Which of the following refers to a child's concious awareness of sounds within his or her native language?
Which of the following refers to a child's concious awareness of sounds within his or her native language?
a. morphophonology
b. metaphonology
c. phonetic coding
d. phonotactics
Answer: b. metaphonology
If a child says [tip] for keep, this is an example of which type of process?
If a child says [tip] for keep, this is an example of which type of process?
a. stopping
b. gliding
c. fronting
d. epenthesis
Answer: c. fronting
Which of the following is not a syllable structure process?
Which of the following is not a syllable structure process?
a. cluster reduction
b. final consonant deletion
c. gliding
d. reduplication
Answer: c. gliding
Which of the following is among the later developing sounds?
Which of the following is among the later developing sounds?
a. [f]
b. [j]
c. [s]
d.[k]
Answer: c. [s]
What syllable shapes predominate the first-50-word sage of language development?
What syllable shapes predominate the first-50-word sage of language development?
a. CV, VC, and CVC
b. CVCC
c. CCVC
d, CVCVCC
Answer: a. CV, VC, and CVC
Which stage typically is the beginning of the linguistic phase of language development?
Which stage typically is the beginning of the linguistic phase of language development?
a. canonical babbling
b. nonreduplicated babbling
c. first-50-word stage
d. two-word stage
Answer: c. first-50-word stage
Which prosodic feature seems to be the first to develop?
Which prosodic feature seems to be the first to develop?
a. contrastive stress
b. intonation
c. syllable stress
d. durational variations
Answer: b. intonation
Canonical babbling includes
Canonical babbling includes
a. reduplicated babbling
b. nonreduplicated babbling
c. reflexive babbling
d. a and b
e. none of the above
Answer: d. a and b
Infants begin to learn about voice and speech
Infants begin to learn about voice and speech
a. prior to birth (in the womb)
b. at birth when others begin talking to them
c. when they start babbling
c. when they say their first word
Answer: a. prior to birth (in the womb)
Prelinguistic behavior refers to
Prelinguistic behavior refers to
a. the development of an infant's vocal tract
b. the ability to perceive speech sounds prior to birth
c. all vocalizations prior to a child's first words
d. prosodic feature development
Answer: c. all vocalizations prior to a child's first words
If a child produces [tɑ] for top, then which of the following constraints is violated?
If a child produces [tɑ] for top, then which of the following constraints is violated?
a. *COMPLEX
b. *CODA
c. *FRICATIVES
d. MAX
Answer: d. MAX
In optimality theory, the constraint "marked-ness" requires outputs to be
In optimality theory, the constraint "marked-ness" requires outputs to be
a. the same as in the input
b. simplified in structure
c. marked
d. demoted
Answer: b. simplified in structure
Which of the following terms is not associated with feature geometry?
Which of the following terms is not associated with feature geometry?
a. spreading
b. distinctive features
c. faithfulness
d. delinking
Answer: c. faithfulness
According to metrical phonology, the word potato has which of the following stress patterns?
According to metrical phonology, the word potato has which of the following stress patterns?
a. weak branching to "po" into strong branching to "tato"; further divided into stronger branching on "ta," weak branching on "to"
b. strong branching on "po," weak branching to "tato"; further divided into strong branching on "ta," weak branching on "to"
c. weak branching to "po" into strong branching to "tato"; further divided into weak branching on "ta," strong branching on "to"
Answer: a. weak branching to "po" into strong branching to "tato"; further divided into stronger branching on "ta," weak branching on "to"
Which one of the following terms is not representative of autosegmental phonology?
Which one of the following terms is not representative of autosegmental phonology?
a. tiers are separable and independent levels
b. certain segments are autonomous and do not have a one-for-one match on another level
c. strong and weak stresses are emphasized
d. feature spreading is also a portion of this concept
Answer: c. strong and weak stresses are emphasized
Which one of the following is true about nonlinear/multilinear phonologies?
Which one of the following is true about nonlinear/multilinear phonologies?
a. segments are governed by more complex linguistic dimensions such as stress
b. emphasis is on the sequential arrangement of sound segments
c. all sound segments have equal value
d. no one sound segment has control over the other units
Answer: a. segments are governed by more complex linguistic dimensions such as stress
If a child says [wɑʃ] for watch, this is an example of which phonological process?
If a child says [wɑʃ] for watch, this is an example of which phonological process?
a. stopping
b. affrication
c. deaffrication
d. labialization
Answer: c. deaffrication
Which of the following statements concerning phonological processes is not true?
Which of the following statements concerning phonological processes is not true?
a. they are innate
b. they are universal
c. children with different language backgrounds begin with different sets of phonological processes
d. they are used to simplify productions for children in the development period
Answer: c. children with different language backgrounds begin with different sets of phonological processes
Which of the following is a major class feature that distinguishes sounds produced with a high degree of oral obstruction?
Which of the following is a major class feature that distinguishes sounds produced with a high degree of oral obstruction?
a. sonorant
b. consonantal
c. vocalic
d. coronal
Answer: b. consonantal
Which of the following does not belong to the phoneme/phonology concept?
Which of the following does not belong to the phoneme/phonology concept?
a. meaning-establishing and meaning-differentiating function of sound units
b. underlying form or representation
c. production realities
d. sound unit function within a particular language system
Answer: c. production realities
The transcription [ʊ̜]would indicate which one of the following?
The transcription [ʊ̜]would indicate which one of the following?
a. a vowel position that is too far forward
b. a vowel position that is too far back
c. a vowel that is less rounded than usual
d. a vowel that is more rounded than usual
Answer: c. a vowel that is less rounded than usual
Which of the following transcriptions indicates excessive aspiration?
Which of the following transcriptions indicates excessive aspiration?
a. [k ͪ ip]
b. [ki̠p]
c. [ki̞p]
d. [kĩp]
Answer: a. [k ͪ ip]
Which one of the transcriptions would indicate "bird" without the r-coloring on the vowel?
Which one of the transcriptions would indicate "bird" without the r-coloring on the vowel?
a. [bɜd]
b. [bɛd]
c. [bɪ̞d]
d. [bɔd]
Answer: a. [bɜd]
The voiced labiodental approximant may be substituted for which sound?
The voiced labiodental approximant may be substituted for which sound?
a. [s]
b. [r]
c. [l]
d. [ʃ]
Answer: b. [r]
The voiced labiodental approximant is transcribed as
The voiced labiodental approximant is transcribed as
a. [ß]
b. [ɣ]
c. [ʋ]
d. [ʝ]
Answer: c. [ʋ]
In the transcription [kætl̩], what does the diacritic under the [l] indicate?
In the transcription [kætl̩], what does the diacritic under the [l] indicate?
a. that the [l] is partially devoiced
b. that the [l] is unreleased
c. that the [l] is lateralized
d. that the [l] is the syllable nucleus of the second syllable
Answer: b. that the [l] is unreleased
Which of the following would be a standard pronunciation?
Which of the following would be a standard pronunciation?
a. [ɮu] zoo
b. [bɛɾi] Betty
c. [sʲɪŋɚ] singer
d. [ki̞p] keep
Answer: b. [bɛɾi] Betty
Which of the following would indicate a nasalized [s]?
Which of the following would indicate a nasalized [s]?
a. [s:]
b. [s̪]
c. [s͂]
d. [sʲ]
Answer: c. [s͂]
Which of the following is not a diacritic used with vowels?
Which of the following is not a diacritic used with vowels?
a. [˔]
b. [˕]
c. [˙̪]
d. [˖]
Answer: c. [˙̪]
Diacritics can be used for?
Diacritics can be used for?
a. documenting results from an articulation test
b. demonstrating specific articulatory changes during the process of therapy
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Answer: c. both a and b
What is the rhyme of "reached"?
What is the rhyme of "reached"?
a. [i]
b. [itʃ]
c. [itʃt]
d. [it]
Answer: b. [itʃ]
Which one of the following words has an unchecked syllable structure?
Which one of the following words has an unchecked syllable structure?
a. cupcake
b. tomato
c. jumping
d. bathtub
Answer: b. tomato
A young child child says [nɔɪni] for noisy. This is which type of assimilation process?
A young child child says [nɔɪni] for noisy. This is which type of assimilation process?
a. progressive contact phonemic assimilation
b. regressive contact phonemic assimilation
c. progressive remote phonemic assimilation
d. regressive remote phonemic assimilation
Answer: c. progressive remote phonemic assimilation
A very young child says [gɑg] for dog. This is which type of assimilation process?
A very young child says [gɑg] for dog. This is which type of assimilation process?
a. regressive phonemic assimilation
b. progressive phonemic assimilation
c. regressive phonetic similitude
d. coalescence
Answer: a. regressive phonemic assimilation
The consonant [l] is described phonetically as a
The consonant [l] is described phonetically as a
a. voiced apico-alveolar lateral approximant
b. voiced coronal-alveolar glide
c. voiced predorsal-alveolar lateral-approximant
d. voiced postdorsal-velar lateral-approximant
Answer: a. voiced apico-alveolar lateral approximant
The vowel [i] is described pho9netically as a
The vowel [i] is described pho9netically as a
a. high-front vowel that is unrounded and lax
b. mid-front vowel that is unrounded and tense
c. high-front vowel that is unrounded and tense
d. high-back vowel that is unrounded and tense
Answer: c. high-front vowel that is unrounded and tense
Which consonants are considered to be sonorant consonants?
Which consonants are considered to be sonorant consonants?
a. fricativees and affricates
b. stop-plosives
c. all voiced consonants
d. nasals, liquids, and glides
Answer: d. nasals, liquids, and glides
Vowels are defined as having
Vowels are defined as having
a. no simultaneous vocal fold vibration under normal conditions
b. articulatory constriction along the sagittal midline of the vocal tract
c. relatively unimpeded airstream from the vocal folds to the lips
d. relatively less acoustic intensity than consonants
Answer: c. relatively unimpeded airstream from the vocal folds to the lips
If you were studying how the production of [s] varies in General American English versus Spanish, which branch of phonetics would you be studying?
If you were studying how the production of [s] varies in General American English versus Spanish, which branch of phonetics would you be studying?
a. articulatory phonetics
b. acoustic phonetics
c. auditory phonetics
Answer: a. articulatory phonetics
If you were studying how foreign students perceive various speech sounds of General American English, which branch of phonetics would you be studying?
If you were studying how foreign students perceive various speech sounds of General American English, which branch of phonetics would you be studying?
a. articulatory phonetics
b. acoustic phonetics
c. auditory phonetics
Answer: c. auditory phonetics
Which of the subdivisions of phonetics would examine the frequency, intensity, and duration of speech sounds?
Which of the subdivisions of phonetics would examine the frequency, intensity, and duration of speech sounds?
a. articulatory phonetics
b. acoustic phonetics
c. auditory phonetics
Answer: c. acoustic phonetics
Which of the following is not included in the definition of phonetics?
Which of the following is not included in the definition of phonetics?
a. the production of features of speech sounds
b. the organizational system of speech sounds
c. the transmission properties of speech sounds
d. the perceptual bases of speech sounds
Answer: b. the organizational system of speech sounds
What is the smallest linguistic unit that can be combined with other such units to establish word meanings?
What is the smallest linguistic unit that can be combined with other such units to establish word meanings?
a. allophonic variations
b. speech sound
c. phoneme
d. phonotactic constraint
Answer: c. phoneme
Which of the following is not included in the definition of phonological disorder?
Which of the following is not included in the definition of phonological disorder?
a. problems in the language-specific function of phonemes
b. disturbances in the relatively peripheral motor processes that result in speech
c. disturbances represent an impairment of the understanding and organization of phonemes
d. phonemic errors
Answer: b. disturbances in the relatively peripheral motor processes that result in speech
The allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language refer to the
The allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language refer to the
a. phonetic inventory
b. phonemic inventory
c. phonotactic constraints
d. minimal pairs
Answer: c. phonotactic constraints
The definition of phonology includes
The definition of phonology includes
a. the description of the system and patterns of phonemes within a language
b. the classification and description of how speech sounds are produced
c. the oral, verbal expression of language
d. the relatively peripheral motor processes involved in speech
Answer: the description of the system and patterns of phonemes within a language
Oral, verbal expression of language into words is
Oral, verbal expression of language into words is
a. phonology
b. articulation
c. speech
d. pragmatics
Answer: c. speech
Which one of the following would nor be considered a portion of phonology?
Which one of the following would nor be considered a portion of phonology?
a. linguistic function of phonemes
b. addition of -s can indicate plurality
c. phonotactics
d. knowledge of the sound system of a language
Answer: b. addition of -s can indicate plurality
Which one of the following could be considered a portion of semantics?
Which one of the following could be considered a portion of semantics?
a. the multiple meanings of the word "trunk"
b. that "un" could be added to "happy" to change its meaning
c. that children know from a fairly early age that we talk to babies somehow differently
d. that sentences can be combined with the word "and"
Answer: a. the multiple meanings of the word "trunk"
Which one of the following could be considered a portion of morphology?
Which one of the following could be considered a portion of morphology?
a. the multiple meanings of the word "trunk"
b. that "un" could be added to "happy" to change its meaning
c. that children know from a fairly early age that we talk to babies somehow differently
d. that sentences can be combined with the word "and"
Answer: b. that "un" could be added to "happy" to change its meaning
The definition of articulation disorder reflects
The definition of articulation disorder reflects
a. peripheral motor processes
b. gradually developing motor skills
c. the totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of speech
d. all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
The definition of articulation includes which of the following?
The definition of articulation includes which of the following?
a. describes the systems and patterns of phonemes in a particular language
b. includes phonotactics
c. refers to the totality of motor processes involved in speech
d. all of the above
Answer: c.refers to the totality of motor processes involved in speech
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